Building Types and Components

Building Types and Components

COMMON BUILDING MATERIALS

• Brick
• Block
• Stone
• Concrete
• Timber
• Metal

BUILDING BOARDS

• Fibre
• Plaster
• Asbestos
• Plywood
• Block
• Plastic

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

• Solid or ‘traditional’ construction
• Structural steel frame construction
• Reinforced concrete construction
• Modular system construction
• Portal frame construction
• Composite construction.

SOLID CONSTRUCTION

• Solid load bearing walls
• Set back at upper floors
• Commonly made of brick, concrete blocks or stone
• Cast iron columns
• Cast iron or timber beams
• Warehouses, mills, factories and offices.

BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

STRUCTURAL STEEL

• High number of design options
• Skeletal framework often complex
• Loads carried by beams
• Structure is covered by cladding
• Large use of glass, polycarbonate and plastic
• Large shopping centres, sports centres and multi-storey offices.

REINFORCED CONCRETE

• Alternative to steel frame
• Columns support beams on which are laid slab flooring sections
• Columns, beams and slabs integrally cast to form a monolithic structure
• Two common methods of construction.

Pre cast reinforced concrete frame

• Factory produced frame components
• Transported for assembly on site
• Similar techniques to steel frame.

Composite construction

• Utilises the advantages of modern lightweight structural steelwork
• ‘Marriage’ between steelwork & pre cast concrete columns.

MODULAR STRUCTURES

• Pre fabricated components
• High design flexibility
• Specially designed connectors
• Encased in concrete to provide a degree of fire and corrosion protection.

MODULAR BUILDING

TYPICAL MODULAR CONNECTOR

HOLLOW BLOCK AND PLANK FLOORING

HOLLOW BLOCK AND PLANK

PRE CAST CONCRETE SLAB